
Pool / Reuters
Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, right, and Pakistan President Asif Ali Zardari shake hands during a meeting in New Delhi on Sunday.
NEW DELHI -- Pakistan President Asif Ali Zardari and Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stood together in New Delhi on Sunday, adding weight to peace efforts by the nuclear-armed foes with the first visit by a Pakistani head of state to India in seven years.
Relations have warmed since Pakistan promised its neighbor most favored nation trade status last year, although a $10 million bounty offered by Washington for a Pakistani Islamist blamed for the 2008 attacks on Mumbai stirred old grievances.
The leaders discussed Kashmir, theater of two of three wars between India and Pakistan, as well as terrorism and trade during a 40-minute meeting on their own before sharing lunch, India's Foreign Secretary Rajan Mathai told reporters.
"We would like to have better relations with India. We have spoken on all topics that we could have spoken about and we are hoping to meet on Pakistani soil very soon," Zardari told a briefing as they emerged from Singh's residence.
Singh said he hoped to make his first visit to Pakistan at a convenient date.
"Relations between India and Pakistan should become normal. That's our common desire," he said. "We have a number of issues and we are willing to find tactical, pragmatic solutions to all those issues and that's the message that president Zardari and I would wish to convey."
Zardari then headed to the shrine in western India of a revered Sufi Muslim saint seen as a symbol of harmony between South Asia's often competing religions.
Pakistan wants to dramatically overhaul the rules of engagement with the U.S. in an attempt to clarify relations that have deteriorated dramatically since the Osama bin Laden raid last year. In an exclusive Andrea Mitchell Reports interview, Pakistani Foreign Minister Hina Rabbani Khar explains the country's response if the U.S. refuses to ends its drone attacks.
On his first visit to India as part of the 40-member delegation, Zardari's son, Bilawal Bhutto Zardari, stood behind the leaders, in a sign of his growing role in politics.
Mathai said Singh offered Zardari India's help in finding 124 Pakistani soldiers and 11 civilians engulfed by an avalanche on Saturday near the 18,500-foot Siachen glacier in Kashmir - known as the world's highest battlefield.
Zardari thanked Singh but did not immediately respond to the offer to help rescue teams, backed by helicopters and sniffer dogs combing an area one-km (half a mile) wide with snow up to 80 feet deep. Hundreds have died at Siachen over the years, mainly from the inhospitable conditions.
Jihadists are entrenched in Kashmir and they're seeking to incite war between nuclear-armed Pakistan and India, author Dilip Hiro tells NBC's Carol Grisanti.
A foreign ministry source said the timing of any visit by Singh to Pakistan will depend on issues including a conflict over the oil-rich Sir Creek river estuary, one of their longest running disputes.
Singh told Zardari it was imperative to bring to justice the perpetrators of a 2008 attack on India's financial capital, Mumbai - a three-day gun and bomb rampage by 10 Pakistani militants that left 166 dead and derailed the peace process.
Talks only resumed last year.
The Indian prime minister raised the continued freedom of Hafiz Saeed, the Islamist suspected of masterminding the attack. Saeed will be discussed again at a forthcoming meeting between home ministry officials, Mathai said.
India is furious Pakistan has not detained Saeed, despite handing over evidence against him. Pakistan Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani said on Friday that anyone with concrete proof to prosecute Saeed should present it to the courts.
Relaxed visa rules will be signed at the same meeting of officials. Pakistan is expected to formally designate India as a most-favored-nation later this year.
Osama bin Laden's brother-in-law, Zakaria al-Sadah, spoke to NBC News in Islamabad in his first interview with an American television network. He said he is concerned for his sister, who was shot in the raid that killed the al-Qaida leader, and frustrated she and her children have been in custody ever since. NBC's Amna Nawaz reports.
With $10 million bounty on his head, militant openly taunts US
With Zardari and Singh both suffering major domestic problems, prospects are low for fixing the Kashmir stand-off.
Lasting Pakistan-India peace would go a long way to smoothing a perilous transition in Afghanistan as most NATO combat forces prepare to leave by the end of 2014.
India and Pakistan fought their most recent war in 1999, shortly after both sides declared they possessed nuclear weapons. Hundreds died on the defacto border in Kashmir before Pakistani troops and militants were forced to withdraw.
Born in a village in what is now Pakistan, Singh has pushed for peace during his two terms in office, but his efforts were knocked off track by the 2008 ouster of former President Pervez Musharraf, with whom he had built trust, and the Mumbai raids.
Bin Laden widows sentenced to jail
Informal meetings, during international cricket matches, or in this case before Zardari's pilgrimage to the Sufi shrine, have become the hallmark of Singh's diplomacy.
In November, Singh met Gilani in the Maldives and promised to open a new chapter in their history. Hopes are focused on boosting trade and tourism, and resolving the conflict at the Siachen glacier and Sir Creek in the west.
Musharraf, the last Pakistani head of state to visit India in 2005, has said both issues were as good as fixed while he was in office.
More from msnbc.com and NBC News:
- Iraq's fugitive 'king of clubs' re-emerges in video?
- Wind farm plan for 'Wuthering Heights' riles Bronte fans
- Christians mark Easter Sunday at ancient site
- Teen to be first American graduate of Russian ballet school
- US tie could foil anti-American Egyptian candidate
- Myanmar's Christian minority still fighting civil war
Follow us on Twitter: @msnbc_world
Copyright 2013 Thomson Reuters. Click for restrictions.

Why are we still having a relationship with Pakistan? Why do we pay them money and then have them want to charge us for convoys going through thier territory? Why do we still think of them as friends when they held back on Bin Ladin? Lets get out of there and Afganistan.
Well there is information that we don't know that only our politicians that we vote for know. I don't know what they are trying to accomplish but I guess we will never find out because politicians keep secrets from us.
I agree. We don't know.
What I do know is that global diplomacy requires us to deal with the worst and the best of foreign powers. I am sure the gains are greater than the losses.
Watch even if Ron Paul becomes president which I highly doubt he will. He will keep befriending Pakistan just because he will know something which we will not know and he will see that befriending Pakistan has more gains than loses.
Of course they are going to try and talk peace with India..they don't have our (USA) backing anymore, which was the only reason India held back for years.
@Brenda,
There are a number of reasons:
1) You are confusing the Pakistani government and the Pakistani people. The Pakistani people are not the ones who sheltered bin Laden, though they often have little patience with the US doing things in Pakistan that Americans would not even let Canadians do. But the people are far down the pecking order. Above them is an educated elite who control virtually of the country's resources, and above them is the civilian government, and above them is a 13-member military commission, and, according to many, above even them is the Pakistani intelligence outfit, the ISI. We help the people because it is the right thing to do, but we have drawn back considerably from the powerless Pakistani government and military.
2) Pakistan is the way it is as a result of British mischief at the end of the Raj. They divided "India" into two countries: India (mostly Hindu with a significant Muslim minority), East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) and West Pakistan (now Pakistan) were togther as one country. East and West Pakistan were separated by a "finger" of India without even a road to connect them. Eventually Bangladesh declared independence and broke away, not only from Pakistan, but from the whole sabre-rattling thing. And they put the almost Muslim Kashmir under the control of Hindu India. All this was carefully done in order to keep the region in perpetual chaos. They also did similar things in the Middle East, several places in Africa, and eastern Europe.
3) Pakistan (and India) is nuclear-armed and has sophisticated enough missiles to hit any point on the earth. Pakistan's possession of nuclear weapons is especially troubling since a) India is 4 times as big as Pakistan and nukes are a weapon that would ten to be used by losers in a conflict, b) Pakistan has had ties with Syria, Lybia, North Korea and other countries that we don't want to have access to their weapon technology, and c) India and Pakistan have already had several major wars.
4) The joker in the deck is the Pakistani ISI. This is a fairly small group that has connections to the ruling elite and the military's higher ranks. But the ISI, in many ways, tends to steer the country around. The Pakistani government or military could well not have known about bin Laden living there, but the ISI certainly knew. The ISI runs the el Hakari Network that rivals the Taliban as trouble-makers in Afghanistan. And the ISI keeps the Kashmir issue alive and in the attention of the Pakistani people. It was the ISI, for example, who recruited, trained, financed, ddispatched, and controlled the Muslim terrorists who stages the huge coordinated attacks in Mumbai.
5) Everyone in the region knows that in a war, India would kick Pakistani butt. But if it were to ever come to that, Pakistan would not only shower India wioth nukes, but would most likely share their WMD and missile technology with countries like North Korea.
6) And last but not least, during the Cold War, Britain forced the US to side with Pakistan, driving India into the Soviet camp. India was always classified as an "unfriendly country" with huge trade sanctions and economic barriers. As a result, India is still suspicious of its former "enemy" and our alliance with Pakistan. Sticking with Pakistan hurts the US in basically reducing the amount of trade we can do with India.
For the masses of the Pakistani people, the hated Great Satan is not Christianity or the US or even Britain, but Hindu India.
Peace talks with India are, at best, a huge paradox. It is in Pakistan and India's best interests to talk peace because war is so costly. But India is unlikely to give up Kashmir, no matter how much of a Muslim majority it has. India is also well-aware that it is also nuclear-armed and much larger than Pakistan in economy and military. Pakistan, on the other hand needs to keep India as an enemy so that they have a focus to unite the fragmented Paki society.
India also needs Pakistan as an enemy. India itself is as culturally diverse as Europe. Nothing unites India except an enforcing central government which although democratic is also fairly corrupt. Google "Separatist movements in India" - you will find over a dozen. It is quite reasonable to argue that India is not viable as a country, but rather as a continent in its own right, much of the form that Europe takes today.
There is a basic tenent here that will dictate all future activites and actions. Pakistan is a muslim controlled country with all governmental actions dictated by and controlled by the muslim leaders. India is not muslim and while India has numerous problems being controlled by a hate filled muslim culture is not one of them. Never in our recent history has any muslim controlled country been successful, or anything but a backward, hate filled, illiterate failed country, not one. Let India dictate it's own terms and relationships with this failed muslim state. Nothing will change in this region until secular governments wrest control from the muslim leaders and fanatics who dictate all policies and laws. Muslim laws ( sharia ) and the hate filled muslim rules will never allow any country to be even the least bit successful.
Byron - what unites India is tolerance truth and non-violence. Despite a fair share of their historical and cultural ills, all Indians share the same culture of tolerance, truth, non-violence and coexistence.
Folks, I'm not buying what you're selling. Our government knows more than the 300 million US citizens? No, that doesn't pass the straight face test. LMAO
This kind of statements (nothing unites India...blah blah) shows the ignorance to some dudes in US who just write as regular joe bloggers, or journalists or CIA analysts. For them, everything is black and white, without understanding the complex Indian culture. First in western culture and desert culture - concept is kill and conquer (Christians and Muslims). This started as a need to survive in cold winters (so that the natives of these countries can kill animals and save and eat it through the winter). In desert culture if the extreme heat that makes them again kill and conquer for survival. Now, the hindu culture of India is exactly opposite - for at least the last 5000 yrs we have had the best weather and we could use fertile land for producing food, without killing (or minimal killing) of animals for food. And our rishis and sages did some research and found far advanced in astronomy and math. This is the reason why we treat COWS as sacred and we just want to use it for its milk (cow is the best chemical factory of the world) and not kill and eat it. Also, India is the only nation on earth that has maximum vegetarians and we see the LORD in everything that moves (animals) and plants.
America was on the right side of WWII and we also supported England as Gandhi agreed to support British. But things got out of hand for kashmir war and US deserted us (India) and Indira Gandhi (no relation to our freedom fighter MK Gandhi. Indira Nehru became Indira Gandhi as she married a parsi (some guy with some muslim roots) and Gandhi took him as adopted son, hence she got the last name change from Nehru to Gandhi. Now this Sonia Gandhi is a christian and the entire Rajiv / Indira family has mixed breed culture in them).
This talks between two heads is just some lip service for media and western nations ... to keep them happy. Both nations will not solve kashmir problem. Very simple, Politicians love power and will not solve problems.
Of course US is playing a double game in Afghanistan and Pakistan for decades - everybody knows. WE (Indians) are happy that US is doing the job of cleaning up of terrorists of the worls (mainly muslims) and are helping India. India is a democracy inspite of the corrupt govt. WE are getting C17's from Boeing - that is a great gift to Indian Defence. This is to counter China not Pakistan. Real enemy is China not Pakistan. Indian defence knows this and US is helping us....
Byron Raum
Nothing unites India except an enforcing central government which although democratic is also fairly corrupt. Google "Separatist movements in India" - you will find over a dozen. It is quite reasonable to argue that India is not viable as a country, but rather as a continent in its own right, much of the form that Europe takes today.
More like talking peace at Launch.
Well .... only if uncle sam doesn't intervene and take the lunch away. All the terrorism emanating from Pakistan is truly an American gift to India.
How 'bout that. Two countries talking peace and not war. Surely they understand they are disrupting the status quo in the world hood.
That won't work, the majority of the locals in both sides are hell bent on the destruction of the other. Not to mention who should claim Kashmir? Don't tell me divide it in half, I am sure even people in Kashmir would disagree.
The problem with Pakistan is that al Zadari is weak. He can't control most of the country where terrorists breed and run wild. The US got warm conversation from him as the uncontrollable factions conducted cross border raids into Afghanistan, hid bin Ladin, and planned terrorist activities into India.
That is what happens when you allow your military personnel to pick and choose which of their commander-in-chief's orders they will obey.
For what it's worth - Benazir carried the torch of democracy she received from her assasinated father and looks like zardari is trying to carry it forward from Benazir.
Lets wish him good luck for the sake of pakistan, India and the world.
I think India is making a bad mistake. They are making a pact with the devil. Pakistan has nothing to offer. Their religions couldn't be more different. Their ecomomies are worlds apart. India is rich and Pakistan poor. India is educated and Pakistan ignorant.
Bobl...good observation, and totally true. Perhaps the problem with Pakistan might be the islamic rule? Ya think?
Pakistan has very little to offer them, but they also have lots to threaten them with.
Besides that, India want to move on from the militaristic stand-off, and for good reason. They're getting richer, and have a stake in the modern, globalized world. Pakistan is a dunghole with an army a fraction of India's strength and size, and it's only threat is its nuclear weapons, which India would rather not be perpetually aimed at them.
That's why the drive for peace. India doesn't want to deal with the animosity anymore. More importantly, if it can make peace and seem less threatening to Pakistan, then the military will quickly lose popularity. Pakistan's military constantly touts war with India as an ever-present threat (like India would want to invade their disaster area of a nation), similar to how North Korea is constantly ready for a war that will never come with South Korea. Take that away and the military seems a lot less important, and a lot more incompetent for having entire tribes of militants settled in its border regions.
This is a good idea. India has everything to gain and nothing to lose.
I hope they do have peace. Its about time two level heads got together to stop some silly border wars. How many do you have to fight before there is peace? Two, three?
If this works out, who knows what can happen in that region?
I think we pay them enough without paying taxes to move supplies thru? Greedy is all it is!
keep obama out of the talks, you guys will do good. that man can will screw up a wet dream.
God bless these soldiers... i read about siachin its around -94F close to -50C all year round. Wow, thats one of the harshest place on the face of earth...
The weapons didn't fire in that cold conditions. So the soldiers would dismantle the gun and keep it inside the coat close to the body warmth. At least that's what was true until 90s. Dont know if they have better weapons today.
MSNBC won,t tell you how a troops hands are tied
Kashmiri people were promised a plebiscite by the Indian government in the context of 1947 partition of India/Paknistan. Indian occupied Kashmir is the only state in India to be Muslim majority. India's annexation of Kashmir goes against any and every rule, norm, justice, frame, history, and grain of Kashmiri people. Since 1947, India has caused nothing but great oppression, bloodshed, torture, and wars.
Shut up u PAKI
Hey paki...India is twice the country of any islamist state! Educated and successful, can't say that about any islamist country...not one.
India tried to improve Kashmir with roads and schools. Pakistan screwed it up with the Pak Taliban, and other terror. The Pak ISI puts up a lot of propaganda---I am surprised the pakis believe it.
None? That's just distorted, most of last two thousand years Muslims have been great educators/thinkers. The only thing that changed during the last few hundred years is the balance of power and cohesion that Islamic people are suppose to have and that is a khalifah. I will grant you that non-Muslim countries have greatly prospered which is absolutely fine but know that majority of world's resources are in Muslim countries. How about Pakistan for being atomically educated or Turkey/Singapore/UAE/Malaysia etc. as being educated and successful?
"Atomically educated". Thats nice. I also read about "being great educators / thinkers". Atomic education huh?
Pakistan doesn't really get points for developing nukes. That's hard, but not a benign or productive acheivement. Besides, their civilian education status is atrocious. Turkey's is good. Indonesia's is good, I think. Many middle eastern countries are decent. There is reason to believe that strong Islamic beliefs can hinder good modern education, but that's a separate issue.
That said, India is bad when it comes to Kashmir. There's very little argument that in their stand-off against Pakistan, India has shown great restraint for a neighbor that their army could smash into mud (if not for the nukes, anyway). But Kashmir is a flash-point, and India has made mistake after mistake in dealing with it.
In that respect, India can only gain from a more peaceful arrangement, and it will piss off the Pakistani generals to no end, which is also a plus.
The attack on Mumbai killed 164 people it was carried out by the Lashkar-e-Taiba an evil group of terrorists sponsored and protected by Pakistan. If Pakistan wanted or planned for peace they would arrest and execute the terrorists and the members of the ISI that sponsor them.
Pakistan is not seeking peace it is seeking time. Time to build up its strength and time for the wounds that India suffered in Mumbai to be forgotten or not be as intense. Pakistan will then attack again. It is in the nature of Islam to act in this way.
If Pakistan attacks India to soon then there will be a real war.
There will never be any peace on earth so long as religions/cults exist on this planet--perpetual war is the only thing cults understand.
you have a point but we must have peace or at some point we will destroy our planet. We have intelligence and compassion. It is high time to use it.
That would be lovely. They have so much in common. I hope it works !
Yes, they do have a lot in common, just like Israelis and Palestinians.
No, actually alumette is right. Culturally they're not far apart at all.
Militarism has divided their people for too long.
Well one thing is a given - should Pakistan begin to spin out of control into the arms of extremist muslims, both the USA and India will enter Pakistan to round up the nuclear triggers that would be needed to explode a nuke bomb. Pakistan is too divided to be considered a viable country and it would need drastic action to secure its nukes if Pakistan descends into chaos.
islami.
all muslims are filthy wastes of human skin. I use your koran to wipe my ass. the only enlightened muslim is a dead one. pakistan is a filthy dung hole full of bearded cowardly pedophiles and misogynists.
india is on its way to modernism while pakistan is headed down the sewer of history. be sure to flush twice its a big load of @!$%#.
I may not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.
Of course, the Muslim's right to practice Islam comes from the same amendment.
Basically,Pakistan,India,and Bangladesh are one country divided by Religions. Throughout "Indian" history,until the 1948 partitions,they had,under one form or the other,been united. Around a third of united India was Muslim,and the other two thirds mostly Hindu. After being united in the struggle to cast of British colonial rule.As they got closer to Independence,the Muslim leaders became frightened that Muslims would lose out in a Hindu dominated state.And demanded that the Country be divided into two states. But the division was difficult to do.
The way the British ruled India was set up was divided.A little over half the country was ruled directly by the British,and the rest was ruled as Princely States by native rulers,in enclaves throughout the country. The British let the Princes decide whether they would join India or Pakistan,regardless of the wishes of the population in those areas. Most of those Princely States were in areas that became India.And even though the Princes that were Muslim wanted to join Pakistan,Indian troops took over the States and the States were incorporated in India.
Kashmir,a Princely State that was vastly Muslim,was ruled by a Hindu Prince. It was bordering the areas that became Pakistan,and the K in the name Pakistan stands for Kashmir. It was assumed by the British,and all Muslims,that it would be included in Pakistan. But the Hindu Prince voted to join India and when the people revolted against him,Indian troops occupied Kashmir.And that is the base of the "Kashmir Problem" today. After war and civil strife in the early years,Pakistan and Bangladesh,are almost totally Muslim States.While because of the huge numbers,and mixtures of peoples all over India,that country is still around 13-15% Muslim.And for the most part seem to co-exist in peace.
The vast majority of the Pakistani and Bangladeshi peoples are ethnically the same as the people in the neighboring areas that were included in India. The only difference is in the Religion of the two areas. Kashmir is the "Northern Ireland" of the area. In a free vote,the odds are,the people would join Pakistan. But India won't allow that to happen.And this has bred terrorism and the Indian-Pakistani wars ever since 1948. After all these years,and now that they both have nuclear weapons. There seems to be more calls on both sides to normalize relations and keep the peace. They both have far more to gain from peace than by war. But people being people,who knows if they can keep the peace. Since,the Kashmir issue is still unresolved its hard to say.
Kashmir is as Hindu as Kanyakumari is at the Southern Tip. Kashmir has all the references and kings (hindus) ruled over centuries and all the temples (Vaishnavadevei, Amarnath etc.). These moguls who came and proselytized hindus by force, obviously multiplied in number and now maybe a majority. That does not change the origin of Hindu Kashmir. Also, the founder of Pakistan - Jinnah - his ancestors were Hindu Rajputs. So this those bull@!$%# about Pakistan is a total waste of time. They all were Hindus (the people of Pakistan) once upon a time. But bad religions like Islam and Christianity which spread the concept of conquest and kill (first by moguls then by British / European missionaries) are NO match for the simple concepts of Sanatana Dharma (hinduism). Look who is fighting now - Christians and Muslim in Afghanistan and Pakistan. We (Hindus) will watch as America is helping the clean up along with Israel.
Hinduism is the only religion in which the priests and saints do not eat meat. Because we see GOD (or Lord shiva or allah or jesus, whatever name you call) in animals and plants. We do not beleive in CONVERTNG people of other religions to Hinduism, period. This is the biggest difference between Christian missionaries and Islamic Fundamentalists and us (Hindus)..
How can a Christian Father in Church be Spiritual if he eats meat (anything that moves, except dogs and cats, perhaps) ? How can a mullah (or whatever the name is) in a mosque be spiritual if he eats meat (goat, sheep, beef or chicken, as they do not eat pork)? There is no spiritual progress if a person cannot recognize that is the same LIFE FORCE in a cat or a dog that is in humans. Only that we are an advanced species....