Study: Japan nuclear disaster caused mutated butterflies

Joji Otaki / EPA

This handout photo, released Tuesday, shows a healthy adult pale grass blue butterfly (top) and a mutated variety (bottom). Severe mutations were found in butterflies collected near Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant.

TOKYO -- Researchers in Japan have found signs of mutation in butterflies, signaling one of the first indications of change to the local ecosystem as a result of last year's nuclear accident in Fukushima, according to one of the first studies on the genetic effects of the incident.

Joji Otaki from the University of the Ryukyus in Okinawa, who led the research, collected 144 commonly-found pale grass blue butterflies two months after the March 2011 accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear plant.


Initial results indicated that roughly 12 percent of the butterflies showed signs of abnormalities, such as disfigurement in their antennas, smaller-sized wings, change in color patterns and indented eyes, Otaki said.

Even more alarming, when he collected another 238 samples six months later he found that those abnormalities had increased to 28 percent and the mutations had doubled to 52 percent in their offspring.

To see the effects of internal exposure to radiation, unaffected clean butterflies were also fed cesium-coated leaves collected from Fukushima. The result was a reduction in the size of those butterflies, as well as a lower survival rate.

In Japan, a nuclear ghost town stirs to life

The Fukushima disaster occurred after a 9.0-magnitude earthquake knocked out a power line at the plant and generated a tsunami that flooded the facility's emergency generators, destroying the plant's cooling system. Catastrophic meltdowns occurred in three reactors, releasing radiation that has tainted the surrounding environment.

Five nuclear plants in total suffered some level of damage from the earthquake and tsunami; all but Fukushima Dai-ichi were shut down safely.

Story: What are the odds? US nuke plants ranked by quake risk

'Something has gone wrong'
Otaki, who has been studying these butterflies for 10 years to analyze the effects of global warming, said that butterflies are the best environmental indicators because they are widely found in almost any environment.

"But since we've seen these effects on butterflies, it’s easy to imagine that it would also have affected other species as well. It’s pretty clear that something has gone wrong with the ecosystem,” he said.

AP

View side-by-side the progress that Japan has made since the tsunami and earthquake in March 2011.

However, at the same time, he also warns that because each species’ sensitivity to radiation varies, it was too early to immediately apply these finding to humans.

NYT: For new nuclear chief, concerns over plant safety

But what is clear, said Otaki, is that the genetic changes found in these butterflies indicate a disruption in Fukushima's ecosystem and that more study is needed to learn the full scope of the effects of the radiation released into the environment.

At Hiroshima memorial, Japan leaders vow to listen to citizens in revamp of nuke policy

"Effects of low level radiation is genetically transferred through generation, which suggests genetic damage. I think it’s clear that we see the effects passed on through generations," Otaki added.

The Associated Press contributed to this report.

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With the gross irresponsible use of nuclear terms the press didn't understand during the actual earthquake, it doesn't surprise me to see them also blindly throw out the word mutation when what is probably present is simply cell damage. But the media knows that the word mutation creates the hype they want, and they really don't care if they are using the word accurately or not. It's only a mutation if the change in the butterfly is not simply damage that affects it's growth, but is an actual change in it's DNA that can be passed on to it's off-spring. Though they do use the word "off-spring" in the story to imply this is an actual genetic mutation, they don't really specify if the "off-spring" are simply damaged as a result of their parents, or whether they are damaged as a result of the existing radiation. They need to specify that appearance of the off-spring is IDENTICAL to the parent to even consider this as being a possible mutation.

    Reply#191 - Tue Aug 14, 2012 9:23 PM EDT

    Well said!

      #191.1 - Wed Aug 15, 2012 2:02 PM EDT

      Okay, McRob. How about "genetic damage"? How about "inherited abnormalities"? Does that meet your criteria for "mutation"? How about it's not the media claiming these, but the scientists?

      http://www.nature.com/srep/2012/120809/srep00570/full/srep00570.html

      The biological impacts of the Fukushima nuclear accident on the pale grass blue butterfly

      The collapse of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant caused a massive release of radioactive materials to the environment. A prompt and reliable system for evaluating the biological impacts of this accident on animals has not been available. Here we show that the accident caused physiological and genetic damage to the pale grass blue Zizeeria maha, a common lycaenid butterfly in Japan. We collected the first-voltine adults in the Fukushima area in May 2011, some of which showed relatively mild abnormalities. The F1 offspring from the first-voltine females showed more severe abnormalities, which were inherited by the F2 generation. Adult butterflies collected in September 2011 showed more severe abnormalities than those collected in May. Similar abnormalities were experimentally reproduced in individuals from a non-contaminated area by external and internal low-dose exposures. We conclude that artificial radionuclides from the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant caused physiological and genetic damage to this species....

        #191.2 - Wed Aug 15, 2012 4:38 PM EDT
        Reply

        Mothra!

          Reply#192 - Tue Aug 14, 2012 10:08 PM EDT

          all these animals were effected by radiation....and? what can we do now? not much it happened it cant be turned back no re-due button no takey backs so all the research in the world will do what? say it happened and thats it . so sorry see you bye bye

            Reply#193 - Tue Aug 14, 2012 10:18 PM EDT

            The point is that we need to learn from this. Nuclear power is dangerous. Also, the claims of it being a "clean" energy source are lies, you still have to burn coal to condition the rods.

            Nuclear waste remains toxic for 250,000 years. One accident and suddenly large populated areas become uninhabitable for generations.

              #193.1 - Fri Aug 17, 2012 5:19 AM EDT
              Reply

              Attention, Chaos Theorists! Most of your unified field theories begin with "A butterfly flaps it's wings in Japan...and the tiny air currents whip into a thunderstorm in...".

              Now there is Proof! Mutated Butterflies! In Japan!

              Or... Some how the Anti-Chaos Boson has found a way back to the source in an attempt to restore entropy.

              I personally will await my mutant thunderstorm!

                Reply#194 - Wed Aug 15, 2012 12:05 AM EDT

                And the watch for Mothra is underway...

                  Reply#195 - Wed Aug 15, 2012 12:41 AM EDT

                  I chuckled at the first Mothra joke, the following 75 posters that made the same joke got a little annoying. Ok, butterflies are mutated, think what's happening to the people there...

                  • 1 vote
                  #195.1 - Fri Aug 17, 2012 5:21 AM EDT
                  Reply

                  The original article, "The biological impacts of the Fukushima nuclear accident on the pale grass blue butterfly," by Atsuki Hiyama, Chiyo Nohara, Seira Kinjo, Wataru Taira, Shinichi Gima, Akira Tanahara, & Joji M. Otaki, can be viewed here: http://www.nature.com/srep/2012/120809/srep00570/full/srep00570.html.

                  The authors seem to have found both physiological damage from radiation and genetic changes linked to radiation exposure (viz., mutations).

                  • 1 vote
                  Reply#196 - Wed Aug 15, 2012 12:52 AM EDT

                  Thank God we're not butterflies! it can only be good for us. Don't eat Japanese butterflies though, they have screwed up proteins.

                    Reply#197 - Wed Aug 15, 2012 3:48 AM EDT

                    You little babies with your commical remarks... This is serious. Look at the studies of Hiroshima. ..."And everything in the seas will die..." It has begun.

                      Reply#198 - Wed Aug 15, 2012 1:59 PM EDT

                      just wait... this will start happening to people soon.

                        Reply#199 - Wed Aug 15, 2012 5:20 PM EDT

                        . . . and, as I've said 1,000 times, there is no such thing as a safe nuclear energy plant. Think what you may, we may all end up mutants.

                          Reply#200 - Wed Aug 15, 2012 5:47 PM EDT

                          I have seen Butterflies in that state as pictured in New Zealand. End of the season (going into winter) and harsh conditions enlarged the body of the Butterfly and the wings were less developed (such as those in picture). Poor development in the Chrysalis stage? There was no radioactivity in the environment though. Just a fan and not an expert though.

                            Reply#201 - Wed Aug 15, 2012 6:22 PM EDT

                            WakeUpAmerica-3716462 "If thinking like a republican means thinking rationally, then, please, by all means do so. It might enlighten you. You don't want nuclear power? What about coal? Oil? Natural gas? What do you want? The REALITY is that for at least the next couple of generations we are going to have to use ALL forms of energy that we can to meet the energy and economic demands of the world. In the future, technology will likely allow us to introduce viable alternatives. That day is not today. That is just a simple fact."

                            Here's some more "simple facts" - while you're at work, vacation, etc. your hot water heater is cranking away keep water hot for... NO ONE (mine too, I'm sorry to say)! Also, many of our TV's, computers, and other electronic appliances are burning up to 1/3 of their "ON" power even when they're "OFF", so if you work an 8-hour day - call it 9 hours, with lunch and travel - your TV has effectively been on for 3-hours.

                            Our homes, generally, leak power like a sieve! We build our houses using untreated 2x4 construction (generally) and expect them to last forever, while we make coffee stirrers, which we use for a few seconds, out of plastics which last multiple-thousands of years in our landfills. And the wiring in your home was probably designed ('sized') to a standard written in 1960.

                            How about, instead of trying to keep up with demand, we try to lower our demand - a dollar's worth of gas fuels my car for a few miles, but a dollar's worth of fiberglass insultation will insulate my house damn-near forever (assuming the house it's placed in is built to last)! We'll always need more energy if we're just throwing it out the door (or windows, or through the walls) and expecting to find more and more! And, of course, an average house is just one example of how we (myself included) mis-manage our resources, energy and money.

                            You seem to be a Republican (BTW, I'm a registered Republican!), so you're all about "balancing the budget" and not spending more than we make. How about applying that to energy? And use only renewable energy, living within our budget. We Americans are (or at least 'can be') pretty sharp folks. If put half the 'energy' we put into finding more sequestered carbon, into reducing our 'need' (I can live with my TV taking a few extra seconds to turn on) I think we'd be better off.

                            That said, "opinions are like a__holes - everybody has one, and they all stink"

                              Reply#202 - Wed Aug 15, 2012 8:30 PM EDT

                              That said, "opinions are like a__holes - everybody has one, and they all stink"

                              My co-worker thinks hers is more like chocolate ice cream...

                              • 1 vote
                              #202.1 - Thu Aug 16, 2012 12:15 PM EDT

                              Her @!$%# or her opinions..?

                                #202.2 - Sat Aug 18, 2012 5:02 AM EDT
                                Reply

                                Someone should stand up and advocate for the abolishment of nuclear weapons. There is hard evidence that nuclear weapons destroy many things not only people but flora and fauna, trees, flowers, moths, kittens and puppies and the list goes on. We can't allow this to happen any more, politicans in the U.S. and the rest of the world should get together and form a political group that advocates for the elimination of these weapons.

                                  Reply#203 - Thu Aug 16, 2012 9:19 AM EDT

                                  See? Nuclear power is really good for a diverse evolutionary path forward.

                                  • 1 vote
                                  Reply#204 - Thu Aug 16, 2012 10:18 AM EDT

                                  I'm surprised that no one has yet made an analogy between Mothra and either of the two US political parties...

                                  • 2 votes
                                  Reply#205 - Thu Aug 16, 2012 12:13 PM EDT

                                  This is a panacea for scientists who are looking for funding and pats on the head from the PC and wacko environmental crowd.

                                  If the mutations are beneficial then the butterflies will survive. If not, the mutations will work their way out of the gene pool. This shouldn't be used as an excuse to stop nuclear power plants.

                                  Coal has already been nuked by BO leaving us no choice but to use nuclear energy in the future unless you want to live in tents like the occupy idiots.

                                  • 1 vote
                                  Reply#206 - Fri Aug 17, 2012 4:44 PM EDT

                                  @ all the Mothra references.. it took me half way through these otherwise tripe filled posts to get to something I could be proud of :').

                                  At least they didn't have any local lizards in the same area, no?

                                  @ usagi:

                                  So what you're saying is we've been @!$%#ed from day 1? What then is the point of repenting or following any of the rules at this point, especially citing that we're due to get fire and brimstoned again anyday now?

                                  Not that I'm an "unbeliever" or an atheist, but the reason I'm not knee deep in religion is because of these kinds of infinite loops that you can't argue your way to sense within.

                                  That being said, I have no idea why mosquitos exist and have been asking myself what would be the consequence of them being exterminated.. buuuut I like to subscribe to very simple truths about Earth.. one being that everything exists and happens for a reason.. and no good ever comes of it when we try killing animals off or moving them some place else for our own sakes.

                                  I'm sure mosquitoes exist for a reason. We don't know the reason as we didn't make them. But just like everything else on Earth, they have or had a purpose.

                                  Or maybe they have the same lack of particular purpose for existing that we have. Can anyone tell me a reason why humans exist? We're just as parasitic to the natural environment as mosquitoes are to us.

                                  Maybe.. life doesn't have a reason or a purpose other than existing and interconnecting in the ways that it does.. some of them harmonious.. some of them annoying.

                                  :O Le gasp.. that seems to make sense... although I am just guessing. You can infer a lot from observing the world, though. We have no more purpose than mosquitoes, yet we are allowed to exist. Why? Perhaps for existence's sake :D.

                                  As a subscriber to any belief that acknowledges God or a creating unit, it would've been far more consistent and intelligent to have said that, in keeping with the notion that "God works in mysterious ways". You can't say that sometimes and then have an anecdote or a made up story to fain understanding of the way god works another time.

                                  I'm just saying.

                                  That also being said, I do think the random attack against faith bearing people and their belief was also uncalled for. But you don't answer unnsubstantive nonsense with the same kind of nonsense that makes you a target. It just begets more attacks and contributes to your persecution complex.

                                    Reply#207 - Sat Aug 18, 2012 4:53 AM EDT

                                    I have only one thing to say to all the panicky fearful individuals among us that see deadly radioactive dangers everywhere.

                                    ---Hiroshima and Nagasake---

                                    How many liters of radioactive isotopes were released in those two explosions ? Yet, the Japanese continue to breed true and prolific.

                                    I visited Hiroshima TWICE and the only trace of their catastrophy is what they have preserved at their Peace Memorial Park.

                                      Reply#208 - Sat Aug 18, 2012 3:39 PM EDT

                                      Sushi, anyone?

                                        Reply#209 - Sat Aug 18, 2012 7:45 PM EDT

                                        History shows again and again how Nature rejects the folly of men.

                                          Reply#210 - Wed Aug 22, 2012 12:18 AM EDT

                                          I want to know what MORON decided to build a reactor so close to where a tsunami could hit. Japan is hit a lot so the thinking escapes me.

                                            Reply#211 - Tue Oct 16, 2012 1:36 PM EDT

                                            Given where they are located, I hope they put their efforts into ocean wave power--there is a lot of potential in that. I've seen a special on TV about advances in that area--imagine a shake flashlight--I have a few at home in case of emergencies--you shake the flashlight a minute or so and it creates the electricity from the shaking. With wave power, and a really big contraption (I don't know what to call it), that big magnet inside the contraption frictions against the copper to produce energy. Now, I don't remember if the wave power machine (I guess I'll call it that--its a better term than 'contraption') utilized a magnet and copper wire or not--but the principle would be similar.

                                              #211.1 - Tue Oct 16, 2012 4:45 PM EDT
                                              Reply

                                              skunky-shoes (comment #25.7)--you bring up an EXCELLENT point about the lack of looting and other forms of lawlessness during that calamitous disaster! And here we sit at our computers, allowing ourselves to be pitted against each other. I do believe that there is a lesson to be learned in that amazing example.

                                              All in all, I'm afraid that we humans have set ourselves up for some really hard times. Here we sit on this mostly water planet, using up resources like crazy, polluting in an astoundingly wide variety of ways and taking safety shortcuts in so many different fronts. I don't doubt that the technology exists today to make nuclear power a whole lot safer. What I worry about is, do we have the wisdom, foresight, maturity, and ethics to be sure it's done right--no shortcuts for $ sake? That is the question we as a species face.....

                                              Yes, I copied that from my comment #25.12, but I think it's worth repeating.

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                                                  Reply#213 - Wed Oct 31, 2012 12:17 AM EDT
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