Protesters in China rally in Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong in response to a territorial dispute with Japan. NBCNews.com's Dara Brown reports.
Anti-Japan protests reignited across China on Tuesday, the emotional anniversary marking Tokyo's occupation of its giant neighbor, escalating a dispute over East China Sea islands claimed by both countries.
Chinese Defense Minister Liang Guanglie said he hopes the dispute can be resolved peacefully, but he added that Beijing reserved the right to take "further action."
Liang held a meeting with U.S. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta, who called for "calm and restraint."
But demonstrations were held in dozens of cities on Tuesday, the 81st anniversary of the so-called "Manchurian Incident" that Japan used as a pretext to invade Manchuria before World War II.
Embassy heavily guarded
Outside the Japanese Embassy in Beijing, thousands shouted patriotic slogans and demanded boycotts of Japanese goods. Some threw apples, water bottles and eggs at the embassy, which was heavily guarded by three layers of paramilitary police and metal barricades.

Peter Parks / AFP - Getty Images
Anti-Japan protesters march during a protest over the Diaoyu islands issue, known as the Senkaku islands in Japan, in the southern Chinese city of Shenzhen on Tuesday.
Japan's Kyodo News reported there were protests in at least 100 cities in China. It said about 7,000 people near the Japanese Consulate General in Shanghai chanted "Beat Japanese imperialism," "Boycott Japanese products" and "Destroy Japan and retrieve Okinawa" among other slogans.
Following his meeting with Panetta, Liang said that "we do hope the Japanese government will undo its mistakes and come back to the right track of negotiation," The Wall Street Journal reported.
"We reserve right to take further actions," he added. "That being said, we still hope for a peaceful and negotiated solution for this issue and we hope to work together and work well with the Japanese government in properly handling this dispute."

Andy Wong / AP
A police officer tries to calm anti-Japan protesters in Chengdu in China's Sichuan province on Tuesday as they hold images that they claim show Japanese imperial army soldiers who killed Chinese during World War II.
Much at stake for US as tensions rise in troubled China Seas
Panetta said the United States was "urging calm and restraint by all sides" and was encouraging them "to maintain open channels of communication in order to resolve these disputes diplomatically and peacefully."
In many Chinese provinces, including Liaoning, Gansu, Yunnan, Sichuan and Anhui, local governments sounded sirens at 9:18 a.m. (9:18 p.m. ET Monday) to mark the Sept. 18 anniversary, the official China News Service reported.

David Gray / Reuters
Paramilitary policemen stand -- and sit -- guard behind barriers during a protest on the 81st anniversary of Japan's invasion of China, in Beijing on Tuesday.
Many China-based Japanese businesses were shut Tuesday as a precaution, after several days in which anger over the island dispute produced occasional outbreaks of violence, including the torching and looting of Japanese-invested factories and shops.
'Down with little Japan'
China's authoritarian government rarely allows protests, and the wave of anti-Japanese demonstrations clearly received a degree of official approval.
Japanese nationalists land on island claimed by China
In Beijing, streams of people marched past the Japanese Embassy in orderly groups of about 150 people, herded by police who urged them to remain calm and peaceful. Some toted posters of Chairman Mao Zedong, and many shouted slogans such as: "United, Love China, Never forget our national shame."
Sun Chao, a 26-year-old employee for a Beijing tutoring company, said he was given the day off and came to demonstrate with about a dozen other friends and colleagues. He spent around 150 yuan (U.S. $24) on apples and bottled water that he was handing out to others on the demonstration route and encouraging people to hurl them at the embassy.
"I want to knock down the Japanese national flag," Sun said.
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Wang Guoming, a 38-year-old retired soldier and seller of construction materials, said he came to Beijing from his hometown of Linfen in Shanxi province to vent his frustration.
"I came here so our islands will not be invaded by Japan," said Wang. "We believe we need to declare war on them because the Japanese devils are too evil. Down with little Japan!"
Reuters and The Associated Press contributed to this report.
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Thank goodness war is good for the economy. With Japan and China at war with each other, our two biggest bond holders will be able to buy more notes! Happy times!
The Chinese people need to stop being political tools of multimillion dollar corporations that are pouring money into politicians' pockets to raise awareness of some remote islands that has little to no consequence to their daily livelihood.
For those who don't know, those islands were legally owned by a Japanese citizen and later purchased by the Japanese government. The only reason why China has taken notice is because of said corporations wanting to take advantage of the natural resources that are on and around those islands... and more interestingly, their claim is based on some arbitrary map that states they conquered and massacred all of the inhabitants of those islands on it back in the Ching Dynasty.
Interesting, isn't it?
That is an interesting logic.
I do think China should protect some Japanese businesses and properties from damage in PRC.
HAS THE WORLD GONE FECKEN CRAZY?
stop the world and let me off.
all this fighting is driving me crazy
stop the world and let me off
half the country is fecken lazy
How will they be able to buy more notes when they're at war? I imagine they would use that money to produce more war machinery. If anything, they'd be selling notes.
One major problem is that after WW2, we occupy most of Japan. So what happens if they go to war?
While it's true that the Japanese were brutal and massacred many people, I don't get why this is coming up now.
Having lived in China for 4+ years, studying it and talking to the people here, I can say that vehement anti-Japanese sentiment has always been lingering just under the surface, waiting for any opportunity to erupt. This is arising now largely because China has been on the global hunt for resources for its development and burgeoning middle class, making plays in Africa and middle east.
These resource-rich islands are a perfect storm:
1) the Party can energize the people's nationalism (and thereby bolster public support in a power-transition season),
2) distract the people from the lingering economic slowdown
3) assert the country's increasing economic and geopolitical influence, and
4) (ideally) pave the way to securing at least some if not all of the resources in this region.
china recently is on the land grabbing business. look what they are doing with the philippines and vietnam. an island 600 miles from mainland and 160 miles from the philippines, china said its theirs. people living their speaks no chinese but filipino. and becuase philippines is small and weak, chinese start bullying them, by sending navy ship and ramming to filipino small fisherman. now japan? whats next...maybe they will say hawaii is ours too.
jesuguru, you can replace China in your post with just about every country these days, and it would fit. We are in the brink of economic collapse in many countries, and everyone is scrounging for resources. Seems war may be inevitable.
dongix, the Filipinas can only blame themselves. The US had Naval and Air bases there for years after the war, and it served as protection. But they decided they didn't want the US there any more. Now they are left to fend for themselves, and China is taking advantage.
Beam me up Scotty. There's no intelligent life down here.
People who earn $1 per hour are easy to buy as protesters....
10 bucks says the Chinese protesters are their on Government shifts
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/17/world/asia/anti-japanese-protests-over-disputed-islands-continue-in-china.html
With out a doubt the Chinese government is behind the protest. No Protest is allowed in China with out government support/backing.
China needs resources badly. The Chinese government are willing to do what ever it takes to get them.
If the World is not careful, a global war can start here.
Eric, And so is our involvement in the middle east, and across Europe. I'm afraid the writing is on the wall.
Aren't there international courts that can decide this sort of thing? Pull out all the land records for the last few centuries and figure out who the rightful owners are.
TFNJ,
Hello again Tony I hope all is well:)
RE: "I don't get why this is coming up now."
Four Guesses:
1, Money
2, Oil
3, Natural Gas
4, All of the above........
Japan "hey we are going to buy this useless rock in the water"
China "what...........no that's our useless rock"
Japan "you didn't want it until we did"
China "so what.........we want it now and you can't have it"
I think I have seen this before.............yes my daughters when they were little fighting over a broken toy. I do understand the mineral rights angle but it still sounds like children.
AG99: I believe both side, China and Japan will appear at UN for this issue. So far Japan refused to go the international court while Taiwan wanted to.
Hello Howard, all is well, as can be.. :)
I have been to a few of the islands off Japan, though not these particular ones. I wish I knew the landscape better and why they were worth fighting for. Yes I guess resources is the key, whether minerals or energy.
AG99: Aren't there international courts that can decide this sort of thing? Pull out all the land records for the last few centuries and figure out who the rightful owners are
Not when the guys are bigger than the court. When you have a menacing characters like Japan and China, the international court can not do anything. Even the US can not do anything. Remember it took a nook to slow down the Japanese. They are not easy bunch. Remember Vietnam where China aided the Vietcong. They were as determined as you could get them too. Let them sort it out. I guarantee they will not go in to a full scale war. They loose the most.
It's not just the mineral rights they're trying to grab, it's the expansion of their territorial waters that the tiny islands would grant them. China is trying to lay claim to a huge amount of sea by claiming these tiny islands from other countries.
You would think they would have something better to protest about, like living in a country where the concept of freedom is a joke, and each individual human life, in the eyes of the Chinese government, is worth less than a Cat or Dog here in America.
tfnj-
yes, there is a "problem" with this going to war scenario. It's not that "we occupy most of Japan". That is not true. We have a few naval bases there, about 35,000 people in a land of 125,000,000.
However, you are right, that we would do ALL the fighting for Japan. Japan's army and navy were "decommissioned" at the end of WW2.
That's why nothing military is going to happen here, it's just China trying to get at the deep sea resources around Senkaku. They feel if they make a big enough stink, the world community will give them enough to shut up. Clearly the fact that it's rightfully owned by a Japanese citizen/Japan itself means nothing to them.
We use a few of the islands for military exercises. So it's not just the amount of troops, but the land we occupy.
In a training mission on Io Jima my helicopter crash landed and I didn't think I'd make it out alive. Scary moment and I guess these stories bring back memories.
There are 100,000 protests in China last year, reported by Chinese government. Did they allow these protests? If so then their tolerance for protests are much better than before since a few years ago it was 60,000. If not, then protests still happen without their consent so you can't say protest only happen because government allowed it.
Also for history of these island, go read actual research on it. This one from a Japanese historian professor really digged the facts out of political bias:
h t t p : // w w w.mahoroba.ne.jp/~tatsumi/dinoue0.html
Remove the first 7 or so spaces for the complete link since NBC don't allow links to be posted.
Use japanese auto-detect encoding then copy and paste it to google translate one section at a time.
I love how lefties protest OTHER people by destroying their OWN area.
WWII was a long time ago.. It would be like jews wanting to destroy Germany today. China needs to calm down most of the public of today were not even alive back in WWII. Being angry over the past is one thing but to blame it on or take it out on someone else is childish and dishonorable.
Chinese worker's now with out jobs and no money protesting Japan. How will they feed there family get medical treatment.
Chinese workers should protest against the anti Japanese protesters in front of the Japanese Embassy and get your jobs back.
The workers at the US factories are working like FOXCONN are working they have their jobs they can buy nice things and have fun.
The Chinese workers for Japanese companies suffer for nothing the Chinese government does not care about you.
Chinese workers Unite and bring down the corrupt Chinese Government!
One man-3239417, Were you one trug when you made this comment?
Doyour...says-"That's why nothing military is going to happen here, it's just China trying to get at the deep sea resources around Senkaku. They feel if they make a big enough stink, the world community will give them enough to shut up. Clearly the fact that it's rightfully owned by a Japanese citizen/Japan itself means nothing to them."
As history shows the Japanese seized control of those islands from China in the Sino-Japanese war in 1895.After WW2 Japan was supposed to give their war booty back.But since China was stuck in the Chinese civil war the islands where forgotten about.The idea that a Japanese citizen owned and could sell the islands to Japan,is laughable.If you believe that then I claim I own the Brooklyn bridge and will sell it to you,lol.
Johngis says- "WWII was a long time ago.. It would be like jews wanting to destroy Germany today. China needs to calm down most of the public of today were not even alive back in WWII. Being angry over the past is one thing but to blame it on or take it out on someone else is childish and dishonorable."
If you think that Jews just think "oh well,the Holocaust was a long time ago so lets forget about it", you don't know much about the world. Unlike the Germans,the Japanese have never admitted to their crimes in the war and tried to make amends.That is part of the big problem here.
I guess they figured they can't let the ragheads have all the fun.
Dude, what's with the racist comments? Doesn't it ever get exhausting being racist or spewing racial and ethnic slurs? Aren't you all tired of being an idiots; all of you? Don't you all get bored of being totally ignorant twenty four hours a day, seven days a week? Is Hee Haw still on where you live? Just asking. Can't wait for your brilliant and insightful responses. I'm sure most of the words you type will contain at least two syllables, which would not be a bad thing. By the way, the words "Hee Haw" are one syllable each, f.y.i. Here's a list of more one syllable words you can use when you post more racial/ethnic slurs and comments; just go to: http://www.one-syllable-words.com/
I do hope that link will help you to express yourself more clearly and even more "simple-ton-ly".
I wonder how many of those brilliant and insightful responses will begin with "Dude."
Geez, take a pill, System. Sure, riverman's comment was tactless and stupid, but your rant makes you look unhinged.
A guy accuses someone of being ignorant.............then goes on a tirade about "Hee Haw"................Amazing.
Yes, I really think the Chinese are having a lot of fun. For the citizens, they finally get to experience demonstration. For the police, look at that shiny new riot equipments, they finally get to use them.
Of course system's down, you do realize that by choosing the label "hee haw" for your own.... "them" , you are in fact revealing your own stereotype ridden mentality and the prejudices and bigotry that are an off spring of it...?
Hopefully, it will dawn upon you that there is a gap in your.... "thinking....". Not everybody who lives in a rural area has three teeth, is inbred, swallows all of the the dogma of a particular political party and/or a certain organized religion and hates non-believers, lives in a trailer park, wants war, is homophobic and racist, should have been in the movie Deliverance, and sleeps upside down in a closet.
gtouch
A guy accuses someone of being ignorant.............then goes on a tirade about "Hee Haw"................Amazing.
------ Exactly what I was thinking gtouch. And clearly this guy was molested by a Hee Haw cast member. I hope he gets the proper counseling.
Classic Spellchecker............so wrong yet so funny!
Why is MSNBC, I mean NBC, making this story bigger than the middle east attacking our embassies and burning effigies of Obama as we speak? Information suppression to help out their Dear Leader's re-election campaign.
This is a big deal. If I remember correctly, we have a mutual defence treaty in place with Japan.
The violence in mid east has become normal that it is not even news anymore in some ways.
Vets - it is bigger - and Brendan - your right - China goes to war with Japan, we go to war, we have an agreement, drawn up after WWII, that we will fight their wars and they have no powerful army's
Due to fear of a new imperialistic Japan, US forces forced Japanese lawmakers to forbid Japan to maintain more than a self-defense sized military when drafting the post-War Constitution. As a result Japan has never spent more than one percent of its GDP on military expenditures, in return for allowing the US military presence in Japan, the United States agrees to help defend Japan against any foreign adversaries.
Because the world is bigger than you! But, thank you for your service to our country, regardless. I really mean that.
Because Japan has mechs and we might finally get to see them in action! :)
Japan has the sixth largest defense budget in the world (just under half of China's). They are hardly defenseless. Dollar for dollar they are a better military.
This is big news. We are obligated to come to Japan's defense in a war.
Vets Against Liberals, are you kidding me? The Middle East is pretty much all we hear about! When was the last time you read anything in the news about the worn-torn nation that is the Congo? Or how Robert Mugabe is is financially ruining his country of Zimbabwe? Or the fighting in Libya or India?
One day NBC has a story about China and Japan and all of a sudden we never hear anything about the Middle Eastern conflict? You, sir, need to get a clue.
We are not obligated as we already stated it will require a complex political process by congress and president before we can say the defense treaty is in effect or not. In other words, we'll be at the side lines until we decide the time is right to jump in, whether militarily or politically to stop the war.
Totally agree. NBC need to be kicked into touch about this type of China arse kissing total lying report. The protesters are not normal Chinese off the street. They are more than likely soldier, or public servants instructed t march. The police guards are more than likely on the other side AM and change uniforms PM and give the AM guys a rest. NBC needs a good kicking for assisting in this total travesty of the truth. WAKE UP AMERICA, China has been able to play you for a bunch of idiots with their NBC mates. If the truth is known, NBC is a part of China's media group.
Get behind Japan and protect them against this terrible grabbing un-caring country, with zero scruples.
Over history, the Chinese always they thought the superior culture. The Japanese were not far behind. Granted both are great cultures of the world, they need to pull back, get rid of the hubris, and live in a modern world.
The Chinese have anger over recent issues with the Japanese, but historically the Chinese were not very good neighbors. Arrogance on both parts from hundreds and thousands of years ago gives me the @!$%#s. Let's get down to a level where families can raise their kids, have a reasonable live and be happy. It's the politicians who stir up @!$%#, whether it be in Asia, the Middle East and on and on.
lou leid, you are so wrong on this one. Historically Japan has been the one repeatedly invade China, and many other Asian countries. China has never invaded Japan, for even once.
Laugh????,
WOW! Seriously? You believe that? Let's use Korea as an example to prove Lou Leid's point:
Do a Google search and take a look at the number of times Korea has been invaded. Pay special attention to how many times China invaded Korea. Sure Japan has invaded Korea more than once, and especially most recently, but China is the worst when it comes to invading a country!
chriswanker, Check you google again and then answer my question directly. Has China ever invaded Japan and how times Japan has invaded China? See how much readings do you need to get this one right. Or you already know the answer to the question, but decided to avoid answering it for some dark reason.
When God lifts his hand of restraint,it doesnt matter the race....man does what he does "best"....
When God lifts his hand off restaurant, it doesn't matter the rice....man does what he does "chicken breast"....
"Na na na naaaa,
Na na na naaaa,
Hey Hey Heyyyy,
Good Bye "
The song of the human race right now.... Fighting all over the world, no sign of stopping.
if china wanted these islands they should have bought them, just like japan did. i think that they are mad because they opened their wallets first . no reason for misguided protest. suck it up and deal with it
China has giant landmass. Japan has teeny island. China, let Japan have more teeny island.
it's not the land, it's the oil underneath the land/area.
i wonder how they gathered thousands of people marching and protesting. china does have a a strict policy on the internet afterall.
China now has telepathy.
Frash mob.
I am sure they allowed this to be organised. Like the article says, China does not allow protests, but these seem to be ok.
Denver,
F(r)ash Mob?
Thats terrible.........truly terrible - (LOL) but I chuckled a bit anyway. Sent a link to my older brother and family he is 1st gen American Chinese (we adopted each other) he thought it was amusing (though bad taste) as well.
howard,
Bad taste is my stock in trade. However, it's all in fun. I am not prejudiced or bigoted .... I hate everyone equally.
ROR!
The govt/party organizes these protests. Its their version of political "astroturf."
denver bill,
I know its all in fun otherwise I wouldn't have said anything. I'm an Equal Oppurtunity Abuser myself as long as people know I'm only kidding. We both(American-Chinese older brother and Gwai Lo little brother) laughed over here thats all.
Concerned Criminal,
:)
I had to Google that one as at first I thought it meant Return On Revenue
Simple story: China was a disorganized mess, Japan stepped in and bullied them. Now China is the big kid on the block, and they've decided to become the neighborhood bully.
China's like the abused child that grows up to be an abuser. Just ask the Tibetans or the Uighars.
All countries they have power advantages use them. None are exempt.
Tibet was a major military power back in the day; they gave it up-- unconquered. South Africa had nukes; they have gave them up. It happens from time to time.
Here we go!
As if 'Death to America' isn't enough, now I get to stare at a million screaming angry chinamen?
Wow, you guys are really reaching for anything other than the burning middle east. Main story too? I have a suggestion: Who pays to rebuild our burnt out and destroyed embassies?
Don't say me again.
Tsk, tsk. Greedy, greedy China. They've got so much land and still fighting over itty, bitty islands. If the basis of their claim is history, why are they claiming Tibet?
This "historical claim" is ridiculous. It would be like England suddenly saying "We own the US because it used to be part of our territory!" or Mongolia saying "We own all of Asia because it used to be our territory!"
Try to take it. ;)
It is so nice to see that GOVERNMENT APPROVED protests and civil disobedience is allowed and encouraged. GOVERNMENT APPROVED freedom of assembly. Hey, China: do us a favor and take your bats and balls home. IF you don't want to sell us your stuff, it's OK, someone else will figure that stuff is missing in the stores that people want, and make it, and make money. Oh, by the way, all those US bonds you hold. Well, not too worried about it. Just like any investment, there is ALWAYS risk. Maybe even lose your money. China: about that sign in Oregon over Tibet. Here's an idea: Get out!!!!
This is not only GOVERNMENT AOPPROVED - it is GOVERNMENT ORGANIZED. Look at these nicely, professionally printed banners they using. Spontaneous demonstrators fo not use them. And Riot police patiently sitting on folding chairs. Super organised. Even when they break windows in Japanese owned businesses, that is probably the same riot police in civilian clothes. Got to love it.
Yeah. Government Organized. You know, they are SO arrogant, they are starting to p^^&^& the whole world off. The country is a time bomb. They got so many problems, it will take 100 years to straighten them out and they are NOT going away. Hard to feel sorry for them. The ONLY way the communist - lite stay in power is to keep giving people more and more material things. Unfortunately, their unbridled capitalism comes with a lot of bills due. I guess when you can't straighen out your own house, you start attacking everyone else.
If they go to war with Japan, and by extension the US, they can forget about getting paid back for all those bonds they bought....
Whats the chinese word for astroturf?
Who cares what the chinks think? They are a bunch of thieves and crooks...try doing business with them and not get ripped off...
lolololol@ugotrippedoff lolololol
I want to see Japan beats the sh. out of the Chinese like in 2nd world war. They need another lesson for thinking they are superior and invade the entire South China sea.
Japan is not Vietnam or the Philippines!
Since nothing happens in China without the Commies directing it, I hope the Commie are not igniting another Culteral Revolution. Remember, when Mao led his unthinking dupes around by the nose to destroy their Cultural heritage, kill off his competition and make himself the supreme power in his country. That scheme worked out so well for the Chinese people (not).
State-sanctioned protests. Who are the Chinese trying to fool? They figured they'd take a page from the Muslim protests and use it against the Japanese. Not very original. If you want to see something truly hilarious, look at the territorial waters that China claims in the South Chinese Sea. It encompasses most of the Philippines, Vietnam and Malaysia
Sparking protest on the 81ST anniversary,,really..thier goevernment fired them up over this BS. get over it, you dont see the US rioting and protesting the attack on Pearl Harbor or the Bataan Death march every year...frickin idiots..they want the world to say "made in china" not "made in Japan".
I see your point but there is somewhat of a difference in the scale of the slaughter. The 81st anniversary is not BS when you consider the millions of Chinese who died and millions more who suffered under the Japanese occupation. Their biological experiments alone resulted in more deaths than both nuclear bombs dropped in WW2. Unlike the Germans, the Japanese government never apologized or took responsibility. In fact, their textbooks don't even recognize the atrocities so many Japanese have no knowledge of the scale of it. We must recognize that the scars left from brutality of that level will not be likely to be forgotten for many generations.
Japanes Imperialism?? Really?? After what's gone on with Tibet and Taiwan alone, the Chinese should be quietly sitting on their hands. The Chinese won't rest until they have blotted out all the ethnic and philosophical diversity in East Asia and made a grab for all the gas/mineral rights on the planet. Also, China has never had a claim to Okinawa, which was for centuries an independent kingdom subsequently absorbed by Japan.
There seems to be a social pattern, here... a few individuals take it upon themselves to do something controversial, and there's a huge societal backlash. So much for the "we're all in this together" mentality. Now it's, "I'll say and do whatever I want and if you don't like it, screw you and to hell with the consequences, they're not my fault." Oh, and of course, there's a conspiracy theory behind it, too--it's not individual thought that's involved, it's a political agenda. Paranoia and selfishness, 2012.
You fools. WE are ALL part of the same race; The HUMAN RACE. Stop fighting amongst yourselves and wake up!
Foolish Humans
Let's see how this might go down...China bombs Japan -- Japan & US goes to war (treaty) -- NATO goes to war -- North Korea goes to war -- US allies in Asia go to war (S. Korea (defense treaty), Philippines (defense treaty), Australia(?)) -- Russia finds a reason to go to war -- other nations might find a reason to go to war -- nuclear holocaust.
Silly humans.
Rprimici,
Does that mean the human race wins the Darwin Award?
I thought that they used to shoot protestors in China, or run over you with Tanks. It looks like they have lost all control. I guess the days of Communism in China are numbered. They will soon become a war mongering Democratic Oligarchy, just like the USA! OK - so it's all an act.... lol
The leaders of the Middle east have lost control of their people also!!!
Maybe the United States should protest at the embassys of the Ones who did the 9/11 attacks... Just like they are doing over a movie or what ever...
Maybe we shouldn't have jumped in bed with Saudi Arabia and Pakistan after 911...remember they were Bush's allies while Iraq who had nothing to do with it was the enemy...
Good idea Dan. You should start a Face Book page for our next 9/11 anniversary.
It seems China isn't happy enough getting rich from the world buying all their crap in Walmart.
Ironically, the world's consumers (including N. America, Europe) built their military and double digit growth since the 1990s. We are now seeing the consequences of trade with a single-party ruled kleptocracy.